Mutualism is the natural mode of being for people: our natural social philosophy, more or less. We can look at the natural dynamics of hunter-gatherer societies, past and present, to confirm this[1]. When the competition, fabricated scarcity, and synthetic social divisions that collectively plague modern life under liberal capitalism are eliminated, what remains — mutualism — is our natural social dynamic. Capitalism and liberalism have stolen that from us but there are plenty of intellectual exposés and angry rants that address this topic so we’re not going to waste more time on that[2].
Instead, we’re going to get meta.
There are virtues we are naturally born valuing — liberty, loyalty, compassion, reason, and truth — and then there are the vehicles society tells us are available to express those virtues — social honors, traditions, contracts, etc. Somewhere along the line, mainstream society lost sight of the distinction between these virtues and the vehicles through which they are expressed.
As an example, modern society tends to laud soldiers. Veterans of World War 2 allied armies might be respected for holding antifascist values — values which united them in their cause. The honor of being a soldier, in that era, was earned by demonstrating those virtues on the battlefield. In contrast, today, soldiers expect respect for being members of the military, regardless of the virtues and values they hold and the struggles they’ve faced. The essence of “soldier” has lost its substance of “virtue.”
For those who can see the distinction, either inherently or after some effort, between the values and their vehicles, and who dare to question the validity of those vehicles as continuing to effectively express the values they allegedly represent, there is a choice to be made. Do you accept the lie, or go against the grain?
Choosing to go against the grain — to be a genuine expression of those values which mainstream society has lost sight of in favor of vainglorious pursuits — will always be the more difficult path path. At certain points in your life, it may be necessary to tread the middle-way between them. But don’t get trapped there.
Whatever your virtues and core values are, if you participate in a society that caricatures those values in vehicles whose essence has become devoid of substance, you are submitting to living a lie at a fundamental level. Every day, when you wake up, you will more or less be lying to yourself when you tell yourself you are satisfied and happy with your life — somewhere, deep down, you will know that’s bullshit.
You’ll try therapy, drugs, alcohol, sports, sex… and everything will make you feel good… for a brief period. But nothing can sustain satisfaction and contentment because you’re living contrary to the principles you prize most. If you value truth, as most people naturally do, and your fundamental modus operandi is effectively a lie you try to sell yourself on every day, how do you think that’s going to work out psychologically?
The “powers that be” (which are not a monolith, mind you; they are not always coordinating and cooperating, but they draw from the same well of power and influence) have long since discovered the benefit of attaching the virtues to social constructs so that the latter can be weaponized for the purpose of controlling the masses. To that end, everything from armies to churches have been used to manipulate the will of the masses and direct it towards agendas they may otherwise oppose were their values, virtues, and ideals laid out plainly.
This illusion of simile — that the essence of some social construct is synonymous with and inseparable from its virtuous substance — is part and parcel of the banality of evil, as Hannah Arendt would have seen it[3]. It is our responsibility, as revolutionaries, to take note of where these false equivalencies have been institutionalized, and separate the virtue from the vehicle once again so that such atrocities do not repeat themselves. This can be a difficult process and we often find that we are doing a bit more than just separating the wheat from the chaff, proverbially speaking.
In some cases, in fact, the intertwining of virtue and vehicle is so convoluted that separating the two for effective critique and evolution cannot be done without creating conflicts. These conflicts can all be boiled down to whether or not a virtue will be expressed in the context of the social lie[4] …or in spite of it. In the case of the latter, there is an implicit challenge in facing the resistance and derision of the people and institutions that will look down on the individual who questions the status quo. Those with the courage to persist will find that they are often “outcasts” and “pariahs,” and may find that their convictions cost them family, friends, and success in the world. However, the alternative — accepting the lie — creates an internal disharmony rooted in a sense (however subconscious it may be) that one is “living a lie” and the struggle becomes an internal tempest of depression, anxiety, and unfulfilled dreams of self-actualization.
Because of the proclivity of the individual to seek to define themselves — per the status quo of liberal consumerism — when individuals incorporate these socio-cultural composites of virtue-and-vehicle into their self-definition and self-actualization process, they struggle to separate challenges and critiques aimed at the vehicle from attacks on themselves, personally. Similarly, we associate certain virtues and values with people we respect, making it difficult to separate the virtue from the vehicle when a living example of their cohesion still bears heavily on our experiential worldview.
All of these things cause subjective/objective incongruence and disharmony, the reconciliation of which demands either accepting the subjective reality (“the lie” — the status quo) or rejecting it as a vehicle of virtue and value. The status quo depends on the masses’ inability to separate virtues from their social vehicles, and our psychological needs and processes complicate this process, reinforcing the very paradigms that we revolutionaries seek to challenge and overturn in service to evolution.
We can find a temporary reprieve from the stresses of evolution in certain concessions to the status quo that allow us to “cohabitate” with its proponents. Many revolutionaries, during less polarized times, end up in the punk subculture, for instance. While punk is outside mainstream and tends to be “radical and revolutionary,” it has a degree of acceptability as a subculture. However, as time progresses, evolution must continue, and eventually we are forced to confront the disharmony.
The most difficult part of this process, and of actualizing ourselves according to our own values (as opposed to within the context of “the lie”), comes when we must separate the virtue from the vehicle in a way that challenges others around us to, whether passively or directly, to at least acknowledge the discrepancy. For those “others” who have depended on the status quo for their sense of stability and security, this may create relationship conflicts.
A child raised by parents who patronize the status quo is going to meet resistance when choosing a life that disregards the status quo or actively questions and opposes it. But these virtues, and the need to express them, are not just a matter of politics and social graces; they are matters of lifestyle choices and values, expressed at every level of our being, actions, and thoughts. So, when that child, raised by parents who have followed the blueprint and believe the path to a respectable and satisfying life is by doing the same, announces that they are venturing out to be a homeless peace activist, the parents are mortified.
“We raised you better than that! Have some class and self-respect! You can’t save the world, shouldn’t you figure out how you want to contribute as a productive member of society?” This rejection of a challenge to the status quo places the burden of reconciling the conflict entirely on the child and, unfortunately, results in broken relationships and deep-seated psychological trauma.
In a group of activists, you are unlikely to not find at least one whose pursuit of justice and liberty has come at a high cost. And none will know, better, how badly western liberalism can destroy a person’s psyche than those who have lost a parent, sibling, or child to the confusion of vehicle-with-virtue. In such a case, the person who refuses to separate vehicle and virtue is effectively insisting that the world’s conception of virtue evolve to suit their needs, and that brings us full circle back to the impacts of western liberalism and consumer culture.
To be continued…
Endnotes
- See a more detailed examination of hunter-gatherer society for comparison on LibCom.org.
- Criticism of the social impacts of liberal capitalism and consumerism date from Thorstein Veblen’s brilliant 1899 work, The Theory of the Leisure Class, to Robert Putnam’s contemporary study, Bowling Alone.
- See Hannah Arendt’s Eichmann in Jerusalem, which has been published as both an article for The New Yorker and a full-length book.
- The social lie (or “the lie”) just refers to the idea that vehicles are inseparable from their virtues — a misconception which helps maintain the supremacy of the status quo.